Pointers arises from Robert Hoberman (personal correspondence). This is apparently broadly associate of your own Jewish languages from a number of other towns and cities of this area too, also Aqra and Rawanduz.

However, contained in this dialect there is an incredibly uncommon alter off h so you’re able to h regarding the 3rd individual only one possessive suffixes: resIh ‘his head’

Azerbaijan (Azer): The words of one’s Jews of Iranian Azerbaijan, including organizations inside the Urmi, Salmas, Basqale, Mahabad, and you will Yuksekova. Data is out of Garbell (1965).

Halabja (Hala): The language of one’s Jews out of Halabja into Iran-Iraq edging. This is extremely nearby the Jewish dialects of your most other metropolises of your region, as well as Saqqiz, Suleimaniya, Sanandaj, Baneh, and you will Panjwin. Information comes from my personal notes.

We shall examine these dialects pertaining to twenty-four phonological, morphological, morpho-lexical, and you can lexical conditions. Following Hetzron (1976, 98), i have chose simply designs because the standards to have classification. You will find picked an excellent disproportionate number of morphological criteria, so we will give them unique pounds, again following the Hetzron, however, most other mutual innovations might be thought to be well.

Note plus the more challenging preservation and even installation from during the Koy Sanjaq claimed by Hoberman (1985)

Once we examine the fresh new languages regarding NENA we’re going to try to determine brand new extent that the new dialects show a definite trend hence is different from Turoyo and you can Mandaic. At the same time, we’ll look for bundles off isoglosses contained in this NENA.

(1) Worry are penultimate in all the newest NA dialects, and additionally Turoyo and Mandaic although not regarding the about three easternmost Jewish languages, Jewish Azerbaijani, Koy Sanjaq, and you may Halabja, which usually fret the past syllable. This type of languages have a look, along these lines, as with more (Garbell 1965), showing an abnormally good dictate out-of Kurdish.

(2) Every NENA languages provides blended h and you will x. In Hertevin as a result, h, and you can every-where otherwise it’s x: Hertevin haye ‘life’ (Jastrow 1988, 189) and you can dmehli ‘I slept’ (Jastrow 1988, 18), Tkhuma xa:[Theta]a good ‘new’, Jilu ptIxli ‘I opened’ (Fox 1992, 45), and you can +damxotu ‘you sleep’ (Fox 1992, 55).(4)

Both Turoyo and Mandaic hold independent h and you will x. Particular NENA dialects keeps reintroduced h as a borrowing from the bank from Kurdish otherwise Arabic or from Ancient Syriac or Hebrew.(5) not, the latest passed down code consistently shows x. Such as, in the Tisqopa discover lent Arabic terminology, eg sahabi ‘friend’, with h, however, inherited terms and conditions such as for example laxma ‘bread’ consistently inform you x. (6)

(3) The NENA dialects but Hertevin and you can Zakho have forfeit very occasions off passed on. Such, during the Aradhin we find arba ‘four’, upra ‘earth’ comparable to Syriac arb an excellent and you may afra. In the Hertevin along with Zakho, passed down is on a regular basis ?: Hertevin therefore?an effective ‘seven’ (Jastrow 1988, 99), Zakho sme?la ‘she heard’ (Meehan and you can Alon 1979, 189). In a lot of almost every other dialects some are maintained once the ?, and you will, on the people, is fully gone totally. Specific dialects have reintroduced borrowed regarding Arabic otherwise Kurdish. Such as for instance, Halabja possess ayza ‘good’.

(4) When you look at the earlier languages from Aramaic, such as Tiberian Hebrew, t became [Theta] just after an excellent vowel. Which alternation has been lexicalized in NENA, that have sometimes t or [Theta] distribute because of entire paradigms, whether preceded of the a vowel or otherwise not. Such as for example, inside Aradhin brand new verb ‘come’ is now offering [Theta] throughout: a[Theta]ya ‘it (fem.) comes’, and also [Theta]e:los angeles ‘she came’ (Krotkoff 1982, 70, 74). Next, in some dialects the newest phoneme [Theta] have been through more change. In a number of dialects [Theta] have combined back to t, and also in anybody else it is s or even l.(7) In one single dialect, Jilu, it is h following been deleted except during the start of a term. The three easternmost Jewish languages share the brand new surprising change off [Theta] to 1. The results of them change is visible in the https://datingranking.net/de/geschiedene-datierung/ phrase ‘house’ and therefore looks in almost any dialects since end up being:[Theta beneficial]good (Tkhuma), biya (Jilu), beta (Hertevin), bela (Halabja), and you may besa (Sanandaj Christian).