Guidance arises from Robert Hoberman (personal communication). It appears to be broadly member of Jewish dialects from many other cities with the area also, also Aqra and you will Rawanduz.

Although not, contained in this dialect there is certainly a very uncommon alter off h in order to h throughout the third people only 1 possessive suffixes: resIh ‘his head’

Azerbaijan (Azer): The language of your own Jews off Iranian Azerbaijan, also organizations during the Urmi, Salmas, Basqale, Mahabad, and you can Yuksekova. Info is from Garbell (1965).

Halabja (Hala): The language of your own Jews away from Halabja towards Iran-Iraq border. This is extremely nearby the Jewish dialects of your own other metropolitan areas of one’s part, along with Saqqiz, Suleimaniya, Sanandaj, Baneh, and you will Panjwin. Recommendations is inspired by my personal notes.

We are going to contrast this type of dialects for twenty-five phonological, morphological, morpho-lexical, and you can lexical requirements. Adopting the Hetzron (1976, 98), i have selected merely innovations because criteria having category. I have chose a good disproportionate level of morphological conditions, and in addition we shall provide them with special weight, again following Hetzron, however, most other common designs would be considered as better.

Notice also the harder preservation plus insertion regarding into the Koy Sanjaq said of the Hoberman (1985)

As we compare the brand new languages from NENA we shall just be sure to determine the latest the total amount to which new languages express a definite development hence differs from Turoyo and you can Mandaic. At the same time, we are going to discover bundles regarding isoglosses in this NENA.

(1) Worry tends to be penultimate in every the brand new NA dialects, as well as Turoyo and Mandaic however regarding the around three easternmost Jewish languages, Jewish Azerbaijani, Koy Sanjaq, and you can Halabja, which usually stress the past syllable. This type of languages check, similar to this, as with numerous (Garbell 1965), showing an unusually good dictate off Kurdish.

(2) All the NENA dialects enjoys blended h and x. From inside the Hertevin the result is h, and you will everywhere otherwise it’s x: Hertevin haye ‘life’ (Jastrow 1988, 189) and you will dmehli ‘I slept’ (Jastrow 1988, 18), Tkhuma xa:[Theta]good ‘new’, Jilu ptIxli ‘I opened’ (Fox 1992, 45), and you may +damxotu ‘you sleep’ (Fox 1992, 55).(4)

Each other Turoyo and Mandaic preserve independent h and you will x. Specific NENA dialects possess reintroduced h as a borrowing from the bank out of Kurdish otherwise Arabic otherwise away from Classical Syriac or Hebrew.(5) not, the brand new passed down vocabulary consistently suggests x. For example, when you look at the Tisqopa you’ll find lent Arabic terms and conditions, such as for instance sahabi ‘friend’, having h, but handed down terms and conditions eg laxma ‘bread’ constantly let you know x. (6)

(3) Every NENA dialects but Hertevin and Zakho have forfeit most instances out of handed down. Including, within the Aradhin we find arba ‘four’, upra ‘earth’ corresponding to Syriac arb a good and you may afra. When you look at the Hertevin and in Zakho, passed on is actually frequently ?: Hertevin thus?an effective ‘seven’ (Jastrow 1988, 99), Zakho sme?los angeles ‘she heard’ (Meehan and you may Alon 1979, 189). A number of almost every other languages most are maintained while the https://datingranking.net/de/politische-dating-sites-de/?, and you can, on people, is gone totally. Some languages provides reintroduced lent of Arabic otherwise Kurdish. Such, Halabja enjoys ayza ‘good’.

(4) For the earlier languages regarding Aramaic, such as Tiberian Hebrew, t became [Theta] once good vowel. Which alternation might have been lexicalized for the NENA, which have either t otherwise [Theta] spread thanks to entire paradigms, if preceded from the a beneficial vowel or otherwise not. For example, inside Aradhin this new verb ‘come’ is now offering [Theta] throughout: a[Theta]ya ‘it (fem.) comes’, and in addition [Theta]e:los angeles ‘she came’ (Krotkoff 1982, 70, 74). Further, in a number of dialects new phoneme [Theta] has actually been through additional alter. In some dialects [Theta] has actually blended back once again to t, along with anybody else it is s if not l.(7) In a single dialect, Jilu, it is h then been removed except within beginning of a word. The three easternmost Jewish languages show the brand new alarming move out-of [Theta] to 1. The outcomes of those changes is seen regarding term ‘house’ hence appears in almost any languages as end up being:[Thetan effective]an excellent (Tkhuma), biya (Jilu), beta (Hertevin), bela (Halabja), and besa (Sanandaj Religious).